Turán number for bipartite graphs is a rational power of n
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Let \( G\) be a graph. We define the Turán number \( t(n, G)\) to be the minimum integer \( m\) so that there exists a graph on \( n\) vertices with \( m\) edges without \( G\) as a subgraph.
For a general graph \( G\) with chromatic number \( \chi(G)\geq 3\), the Erdos-Simonovits-Stone Theorem [1] can be used to determine \( t(n, G)\) asymptotically:
Theorem 1 (The Erdos-Simonovits-Stone Theorem)
For a graph \( G\) with chromatic number
\( \chi(G)\geq 3\), the Turán number \( t(n, G)\) satisfies
\(\displaystyle t(n,G) \geq \left(1- \frac{1}{\chi(G) -1}\right) {n\choose 2} + o(n^2) \)
This result was further strengthened by Bollobás, Erdos, and Simonovits[2], and Chvátal and Szemerédi [3] as follows:
Theorem 2
For any
\( \epsilon >0\), a graph with
\(\displaystyle \left(1-\frac{1}{p}+\epsilon\right) {n\choose 2} \)
edges must contain a complete \( (p+1)\)-partite graph with each part consisting of \( m\) vertices where
\(\displaystyle m > c \frac{\log n}{ \log 1/\epsilon}. \)
The only case that has eluded the power of the above theorems is the case where \( \chi(G)=2\), that is when \( G\) is a bipartite graph. The following problems were proposed in [4].
Conjecture
For all rationals \(1<\frac{p}{q}<2\), there exists a bipartite graph \(G\) such that \(t(n, G)=\Theta(n^{p/q})\).
Problem
Given a bipartite graph \(G\), does there exist a rational exponent \(r=r(G)\) such that \(t(n, G)=\Theta(n^r)\)?
Bibliography | |
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1 | P. Erdos and M. Simonovits. A limit theorem in graph theory. Studia Sci. Math. Hungar. 1 (1966), 51-57.
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2 | B. Bollobás, P. Erdos and M. Simonovits. On the structure of edge graphs, II. J. London Math. Soc. (2) 12 (1975/76) no.2, 219-224.
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3 | V. Chvátal and E. Szemerédi. On the Erdos-Stone theorem. Journal of London Math. Soc. Ser. 2, 23 (1981), 207-214.
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4 |
P. Erdös and M. Simonovits,
Cube-supersaturated graphs and related problems, Progress in graph theory (Waterloo, Ont., 1982), 203-218,
Academic Press, Toronto, 1984.
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