Due: December 8th, 2017

## Math 142A Assignment 8

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1. Suppose that $f : [a, b] \to \mathbb{R}$ is continuous, $x_0 \in (a, b)$, and $f$ is differentiable on $(a, b) \setminus\{x_0\}$. Further suppose that $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to x_0} f'(x)$ exists and equals $L$. Show that $f$ is differentiable at $x_0$, and $f'(x_0) = L$.
2. Consider the function \begin{align}f : \R &\longrightarrow \R\\ x&\longmapsto \begin{cases}x + x^2\sin\paren{\frac1{x^2}} & \color{red}{\text{ if } x \neq 0} \\ \color{red}{0} & \color{red}{\text{ if } x = 0}.\end{cases}\end{align}
1. Confirm that $f$ is differentiable at $0$, and $f'(0) = 1$.
2. Prove that there is no interval of the form $[-\delta, \delta]$ with $\delta > 0$ on which $f$ is increasing.
(In fact, $g$ defined by $g(x) = x+x^2\sin\paren{\frac1x}$ also has this property, but it is a little harder to demonstrate it.)
1. Show that if $f$ is continuous on $[a,b]$ but not monotonic, there are points $a \leq x_1 \le x_2 \leq b$ so that $f(x_1) = f(x_2)$.
2. Suppose that $f : [a-\epsilon, b+\epsilon] \to \R$ is differentiable on $[a,b]$, and $f'(a) \color{red}\lt 0 \color{red}\lt f'(b)$. Show that $f$ is not strictly monotonic on $[a,b]$.
3. Imagine that $f : [a-\epsilon, b+\epsilon] \to \R$ is differentiable on $[a,b]$ and $f'(a) \color{red}\lt M \color{red}\lt f'(b)$. Show that there is some $c \in (a,b)$ so that $f'(c) = M$. (You may wish to consider the function $x \mapsto f(x) - Mx$.)
4. Show that there is no function $f : \R\to\R$ so that $$f'(x) = \begin{cases}1&\text{ if } x \in \Q \\ 0 & \text{ if } x \notin \Q.\end{cases}$$
5. #### Bonus:

Show that parts B and C become false if the red inequalities above are $\leq$ rather than $\lt$.
3. Suppose that $f : (-1, 1) \to \R$ has $n$ derivatives on $(-1,1)$.
1. Show that if the $n$-th derivative $f^{(n)}$ is bounded and $$f(0) = f'(0) = \cdots = f^{(n-1)}(0) = 0,$$ then $|f(x)| \leq M|x|^n$ for some $M > 0$ and all $x \in (-1,1)$.
2. Show that if $|f(x)| \leq M|x|^n$ for some $M > 0$ then $$f(0) = f'(0) = \cdots = f^{(n-1)}(0) = 0.$$
4. Show that if $f : (a,b)\to \mathbb{R}$ and $c \in (a,b)$, there is at most one function $F : (a, b) \to\R$ so that $F(c) = 0$ and $F'(x) = f(x)$.
5. #### Bonus:

Does there exist a function $f : \R \to \R$ which is smooth (i.e., infinitely differentiable at every point in its domain) and so that all the derivatives of $f$ vanish at $0$ (i.e., $f^{(n)}(0) = 0$ for all $n \geq 0$), but $f(1) \neq 0$?