Sec.

Problems

3.1

5.   check denominators and even roots

17. solve equation for x

31. substitute input for x

59. substitute input in f(x)

61. solve equation f(x) = g(x) for x

73. see hint for 3.1.31

83. determine f(ax + b)

85. substitute input for t

87. substitute input for x

93. substitute input for x

3.2

 

 

 

3.3

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.4

7.   substitute cuberoot(3) for x

21. calculate given values of f and g first

22. (a) (b) compare graphs of f and g in domain; (c) (d) substitute inputs for x

57. use average rate of change formula for interval [1,b]

15. basic graph is sqrt(x)

17. basic graph is 1/x

19. basic graph is x^3

27. 5 - x = -(x - 5)

29. y = -f(x - 5) + 1

61. draw a point (a, b) in any quadrant, e.g., Quadrant 1

63. expand right side of equation

9.   (a) calculate (k – h)(x) first

15. (a) substitute (x + 1)/(x – 1) for x in F(x)

19. compute value of "inside" function first

31. find "inside" and "outside" functions

51. g(a) = 2a - 1

3.5

13. (a) solve equation for x

21. (a) find g^(-1)(x) for each of the three points plotted

45. (a) what is f^(-1)(6)?

49. a point in the graph of f is (x, f(x)); . a point in the graph of f^(-1) is (x, f^(-1)(x))

55. draw a point (a, b) in any quadrant, e.g., Quadrant 1

4.1

1. find the coordinates of two points on the graph of the function

5. the slope of f is the same as the slope of xy = 1

9. find the coordinates of two points on the graph of the function

16. (a) find two points on the graph of the function, (c) y = x

23. (c) solve A(t) = B(t)

25. (a) find the coordinates of two points on the graph of the function (you may let (year) 1970 = 0)

43. (b) (c) (d) compute composition first

49. compute composition first

4.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.5

 

 

 

 

 

4.6

5. determine vertex first; x-intercepts occur when y = 0, y-intercepts occur when x = 0

17. complete the square

19. find the vertex

27. find the vertex

39. (a) (b) find vertex of "inside" function

43. calculate f(x1) and f(x2)

45. factor an a from each term first

47. see hint for 3.1.31

53. use "vertex" form of parabola

55. find the vertex

11. (b) find the vertex

13. find the minimum value of the distance function between the given point and a general point on the graph of y

23. (a) use 2x +3y = 6 to rewrite x^2 + y^2 as a function of x

28. (a) find the minimum value of the distance function between the given point and a general point on the graph of y

19. determine translations, reflections, and dilations

23. (a) determine sign of graph between adjacent x-intercepts

27. determine sign of graph between adjacent x-intercepts

33. (b) see example #4 on p. 246

37. (b) see example #4 on p. 246

39. do not estimate x-intercepts from the graph

41. do not estimate x-intercepts from the graph

55. (a) draw a right triangle from the center of the sphere to the center of the base and to the point in the lower right of the cylinder where r meets h; (b) volume of a cylinder is equal to the area of its base times height

4.7

3. for intercepts, x-intercepts occur when y = 0, y-intercepts occur when x = 0

5. for intercepts, x-intercepts occur when y = 0, y-intercepts occur when x = 0

11. see example 3 on p. 253

15. see example 4 on p. 254

19. see example 5 on p. 255

23. consider behavior of y for large (absolute) values of x

25. see example 8 on pp. 256-7

33. to find point of intersection of graph and horizontal asymptote, set the two equations equal to each other and solve

37b. what does the graph of y look like near x = 3?

5.1

 

 

 

 

 

5.2

 

 

5.3

25. determine translations, reflections, and dilations

27. determine translations, reflections, and dilations

29. determine translations, reflections, and dilations

31. determine translations, reflections, and dilations

33. look for common factors

39.f(x + h) = 2^(x + h)

47. sketch graph first

48. sketch graph first

49. sketch graph first

13. see example 2 on p. 293

15. rewrite as exponential equation

17b. see example 4 on p. 293

23. see example 5 on p. 294

33. see example 7 on p. 294

53. e^(2x) = (e^x)^2

61. sketch graph first

62. sketch graph first

63. sketch graph first

67. sketch graph first

5.4

5.5

 

 

 

 

5.6

 

 

5.7

49. see example 6 on p. 305; 12 = 4 x 3

7.   see example 4 on p. 312

29. see example 2 on p. 311

31. see example 6 on p. 314

37. see example 6 on p. 314

75. solve for e^(-kx) firts

3.   use formula on p. 322, solve for r

13. use formula on p. 325, solve for P

15. A = 1.06P

1.   see example 1 on p. 332

13. see example 1 on p. 332

23. see example 4 on p. 336

27. see example 4 on p. 336

57. see 5.7.52

6.2

6.3

 

 

 

 

6.4

61. use basic right-triangle identities

11. draw picture; find lengths of legs of right triangle

13. (b) solve for half of base

25. find distances from P and Q to based of altitude

31. P(cos (theta), sin (theta)), use right triangles

33. use right triangles

55. use formula on p. 391

9.1

5.   use Law of Sines

7.   use Law of Sines

15. use Law of Sines to find a and b first

21. use Law of Cosines

27. use Law of Cosines

39. use Law of Cosines

43. use Law of Cosines

6.4

6.5

 

7.1

 

 

 

 

7.2

 

 

7.3

 

 

 

 

7.5

63. h = sin (theta)

1.   see example 1 on p. 395 or draw right triangle

9.   see example 2 on p. 396

17. use formula (4) on p. 410

18. use formula (4) on p. 410

35. see example 8 on p. 414

37. see example 8 on p. 414

39. see example 8 on p. 414

11. find areas of sector and triangle

19. see example 4 on p. 420

37. (a) find length of arc first

25. see example 2 on p.  431 or draw right triangle

29. determine quadrant and draw right triangle

35. see example 4 on p. 432

37. see example 6 on p. 433

55. draw right triangle and determine sin(t) and cos(t)

5.   see example 2 on p. 455, but use sine graph

23. see example 6 on p. 458

25. see example 5 on p. 457

27. y =- -cos(2x – pi/3) + 1

29. see example 4 on p. 456

33. see example 4 on p. 456

7.7

5.   see example 2 on p. 470

9.   see example 1 on p. 469, but use cotangent graph

11. see example 3 on p. 471

13. horizontal translation

15. see example 4 on p. 472

25. draw sine graph first

27. draw cosine graph first

6.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

6.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7.3

 

8.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

8.2

 

 

 

 

 

8.3

37. rewrite in terms of sines and cosines

41. factor numerator

43. find common denominator

45. rewrite in terms of sines and cosines; find common denominator

47. rewrite in terms of sines and cosines

49. use basic right-triangle identity

55. simplify compound rational expression

21. rewrite in terms of sines and cosines

23. rewrite in terms of sines and cosines

25. rewrite in terms of sines and cosines; use Pythagorean identity

27. rewrite in terms of sines and cosines; simplify compound rational expression

29. rewrite in terms of sines and cosines

31. rewrite in terms of sines and cosines

33. rewrite in terms of sines and cosines; use Pythagorean identity

35. rewrite in terms of sines and cosines; use Pythagorean identity

37. rewrite in terms of sines and cosines

47. rewrite in terms of sines and cosines

49. find common denominator; use the second Pythagorean identity

23. substitute values for sin(pi/3) and cos(pi/3)

25. draw right triangle or use Pythagorean identity to find missing trig values

31. draw right triangle or use Pythagorean identity to find missing trig values

39. use addition formulas for tangent

57. tan(2 theta) = tan(theta + theta)

59. delta f = f(x + h) – f(x) and delta x = (x + h) - x

77. cross-multiply; use addition formulas for sine

7.   use half-angle formulas

11. (a) use double-angle formulas on p. 492; (b) use double-angle formulas on p. 495

27. see example 2 on p. 494

39. see example 4 on p. 495

43. factor right side of equation

25. use a sum-to-product formula

8.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

8.5

3.   see example 1 on p. 507

15. see example 3 on p. 511

17. see example 3 on p. 511

19. see example 5 on p. 512

21. add sqrt(1 + sin^2(t)) to both sides and square both sides of equation

45. see example 7 on p. 513

56. (a) use Pythagorean identity

5.   see example 8a on p. 525

11. see example 4d on p. 521

19. see example 6b on p. 523

21. see example 10 on p. 525

33. use addition formula for cosine

37. see example 9 on p. 525

57. take sine of both sides of equation

9.2

 

 

 

9.3

27. see example 2 on p. 556

37. see example 3 on p. 556

43. see example 4 on p. 557

47. see example 5 on p. 558

11. see example 2 on p. 562

19. see example 3 on p. 564

29. see example 3 on p. 564

37. add vectors in component form first

41. see example 5b on p. 565

47. see example 6 on p. 565

51. see example 7 on p. 565

61. (b)(c)(d) use definition of dot product on p. 567

65. use cosine formula on p. 567

3-D

9.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9.6

Supplement

1.   see example 1 on p. 578

4.   use formulas on p. 577

9.   tan (theta) = sin (theta)/cos (theta); see example 2a on p. 578

11. see example 2b on p. 578

13. multiply both sides of equation by denominator

15. use addition formula for cosine

17. see example 3 on p. 579

21. see example 3 on p. 579

23. see example 3 on p. 579

31. see example 4 on p. 579

37. see example 5 on p. 580

41. see example 7 on p. 582

3.   see example 1 on p. 586

9.   see example 2 on p. 587

13. see example 3 on p. 588

15. see example 4 on p. 590

21. use symmetry tests on p. 587

23. use symmetry tests on p. 587

27. use symmetry tests on p. 587

13.6

5.   see example 1 on p. 855

11. see example 2 on p. 855

23. see example 3 on p. 856

31. see example 4a on p. 857

37. see example 4b on p. 857

45. see example 6 on p. 857

69. see example 8 on p. 859

10.1

 

 

 

 

 

10.2

 

 

 

 

 

10.3

31. see example 5 on p. 605

33. see example 6 on p. 606

37. write two equations: one for weight, one for cost

39. multiply both sides of both equations by ab

61. use substitution to solve for y

62. use addition-subtraction method

31. (a) substitute three pairs of points into equation to write the equation in A, B, and C

33. substitute three pairs of points into equation to write the equation in A, B, and C

35. substitute three pairs of points into (xh)^2 + (yk)^2 = r^2 to solve for h, k, and r, then convert to desired form

11. see example 3 on p. 622

15. see example 3 on p. 622

17. see example 3 on p. 622

21. see example 3 on p. 622

39. see definition of matrix addition on p. 623

45. see Table 3 on p. 628

53. see example 6 on p. 628

10.4

29. see example 2 on p. 634

35. (a) compute A^(-1) and B^(-1) first

10.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.7

5.   use definition of  2 x 2 determinant on p. 639

19. see example 2 on p. 642

27. see example 4 on p. 644

29. see example 4 on p. 644

35. see example 5 on p. 645

37. see example 5 on p. 645

39. see example 5 on p. 645

3.   see example 2 on p. 652

5.   see example 3 on p. 653

7.   use addition-subtraction method

8.   use substitution method

15. use substitution method

21. use substitution method and write terms in base-2

37. write two equations: one for area, one for sides

1.   substitute values into inequality

17. see example 2 on p. 660

23. see example 2 on p. 660

25. see example 2 on p. 660

27. see example 2 on p. 660

29. see example 2 on p. 660

Conics

Supplement

2.1

 

 

 

11.2

 

 

 

11.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11.5

23. see examples 5 and 7 on pp. 39 and 41

45. find the radius of the circle

47. find the radius of the circle

51. find the center of the circle first, then find its radius

21. see example 5 on  p. 687

25. draw picture, determine p

27. draw picture, determine p

29. draw picture, determine p, see Figure 9 on p. 686

13. see example 4 on p. 700

21. see example 4 on p. 700

25. draw picture, determine orientation of ellipse, determine form of equation

27. draw picture, determine orientation of ellipse, determine form of equation

29. draw picture, determine orientation of ellipse, determine form of equation

31. draw picture, determine orientation of ellipse, determine form of equation

32. draw picture, determine orientation of ellipse, determine form of equation

45. solve system of equations

11. see example 2 on p. 715

21. see example 2 on p. 715

27. draw picture, determine orientation of hyperbola, determine form of equation

29. draw picture, determine orientation of hyperbola, determine form of equation

31. draw picture, determine orientation of hyperbola, determine form of equation

12.1

 

12.2

 

 

 

12.3

61. (a) compute z^2 first, then multiply by z

71. find common denominator

25. see example 4 on p. 765

37. see example 4 on p. 765

45. see example 4 on p. 765

49. see example 3 on p. 764

13b. substitute value for x

15. see example 2 on p. 767

19. see example 3 on p. 769

45. see example 7 on p. 772

55. (a) use synthetic division given one of the roots is equal to -5

57. substitute value for x

12.4

 

 

 

 

 

12.5

 

 

 

12.6

1.   see example 1 on p. 776

2.   see example 1 on p. 776

5.   see example 2 on p. 777

11. see example 3 on p. 779, multiply out

14. see example 3 on p. 779, multiply out

19. see example 4 on p. 779

15. use of Upper and Lower Bound theorem not required

19. use of Upper and Lower Bound theorem not required

21. use of Upper and Lower Bound theorem not required

25. use of Upper and Lower Bound theorem not required

9.   see example 1 on p. 793

13. see example 1 on p. 793

15. see example 1 on p. 793

39. see example 3 on p. 795

12.7

 

 

 

 

 

12.8

5.   see example 2 on p. 800

7.   see example 2 on p. 800

13. see example 3 on p. 802

17. use either method (though convenient values is probably easier)

19. use either method

21. use either method

11. see example 5 on p. 810

29. see example 5 on p. 810

13.3

 

 

 

 

13.4

 

 

 

13.5

13. see example 1 on p. 838

15. see example 3 on p. 839

27. see example 2 on p. 839

49. see example 5 on p. 841

53. see example 6 on p. 842

9.   see example 4 on p. 848

19. see example 4 on p. 848

23. see example 4 on p. 848

25. see example 5 on p. 849

13. see example 3 on p. 852

15. write each term, then use formula for sum of a geometric series

19. see example 4 on p. 853

2-var fns

Supplement