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Exercise S

Posted 05/13/2015
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We mentioned Young diagrams and tableaux in Exercise N. Here we color a Young diagram by rows using exactly three colors (red, blue and green) such that no adjacent rows have the same color. An exact `3`-colored Young diagram of shape `(5,3,3,2)` whose size is `13` and an exact `3`-colored of shape `(3,1,1,1)` whose size is `6` are drawn as examples in the following figure.



Clearly, a Young diagram could be exactly `3`-colored only if the Young diagram has at least three rows.

`a(n)` is the number of exact `3`-colored Young diagrams of size `n`. For example, `a(1)=0`, `a(2)=0`, `a(3)=6`.

The number of Young diagrams of size `n` is counted by the number of integer partitions of `n` which is Exercise A.

Find `a(n)`.